Baffin and Torngat Mountains is an ecoregion extending from Bylot Island south along the eastern margins of Baffin Island and into northern Labrador, characterized by an extremely cold climate, discontinuous groundcover, multiple-tonguing glaciers, and deep fjord inlets, where the principal activities include tourism, hunting, and fishing.
Zone
Arctic
Common Name
Baffin and Torngat Mountains
CEC Level III Code
1.1.2
CEC Level II Code
1.1 Arctic Cordillera
Overview
Region facts
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Aliases | Baffin and Torngat Mountains |
| Geographic Range | This ecoregion extends from Bylot Island in Nunavut southwards along the eastern margins of Baffin Island and into northern Labrador. |
| Climate Snapshot | The Baffin and Torngat Mountains ecoregion has a humid, extremely cold climate characterized by very short, cold summers (1 to 4 °C) and long, cold winters (-16.5 to -23°C), with mean annual temperatures ranging from approximately -6 to -11.5°C and annual precipitation from 200–400 to 400–700 mm. |
| Terrain Profile | This mountainous region features multiple-tonguing glaciers and icecaps, with peaks reaching 1,525 to 2,135 m, incised by long fjord inlets with deep, steep-sided U-shaped valleys and characterized by deep, continuous permafrost. |
| Vegetation Cover | Discontinuous groundcover of mosses, lichens, and cold-hardy vascular plants, like sedge and cottongrass, dominates the north, grading south into patches of low-lying and dwarf arctic deciduous and evergreen shrubs. |
| Wildlife Habitat | The Baffin and Torngat Mountains host species such as arctic hare, arctic fox, lemming, caribou, and polar bear in coastal areas, alongside birds like king eider, rock ptarmigan, northern fulmar, plover, hoary redpoll, and snow bunting. |
Eco snapshot
Discontinuous groundcover of mosses, lichens, and cold-hardy vascular plants, like sedge and cottongrass, dominates the north, grading south into patches of low-lying and dwarf arctic deciduous and evergreen shrubs.
The Baffin and Torngat Mountains host species such as arctic hare, arctic fox, lemming, caribou, and polar bear in coastal areas, alongside birds like king eider, rock ptarmigan, northern fulmar, plover, hoary redpoll, and snow bunting.
Seasonal timing
Yearly needs
What pollinators need throughout the year, and what to do about it.
| Season | What pollinators need most | What you can do |
|---|---|---|
| Late winter/early spring | Early food sources and safe shelter as insects emerge | In your home region: plan an early-bloom section (or pot), and leave some leaf litter/standing stems until it’s consistently mild |
| Spring | Nectar + pollen, plus nesting sites | In your home region: plant or pot up early bloomers; set aside a small undisturbed nesting area |
| Summer | Steady bloom, water, and shade/windbreaks | In your home region: keep flowers coming; add a shallow water dish with stones; avoid mowing/cleanup that removes blooms |
| Late summer/fall | “Last chance” blooms and places to overwinter | In your home region: add late bloomers; stop deadheading some plants; leave stems and seedheads |
| Winter or Dry Season | Protection from disturbance | In your home region: don’t over-tidy; avoid pesticide use; plan next season’s plant list for continuous bloom |
What You Can Do
Turn this knowledge into action. Whether you plant a single pot or a whole garden, you are building a vital bridge for local biodiversity.
Join the movement to restore our shared habitats.
Native plants
Alders are fast-growing trees in the genus Alnus that are especially useful in damp spots and along edges where you want quick cover and early-season pollen for insects.
Asters are late-season wildflowers that bring a burst of daisy-like blooms when many gardens are winding down, making them a reliable choice for pollinator-friendly planting.
Birches are graceful trees in the genus Betula, known for their often light-colored bark and early-season pollen and catkins that support springtime insects.
Blueberries and huckleberries (genus Vaccinium) are berry-producing shrubs with spring flowers that can support pollinators and later feed people and wildlife—great for gardens, schoolyards, and even large containers.
Clovers are small, easygoing plants in the genus Trifolium that can add nectar and pollen to gardens, lawns, and pots while helping cover bare soil.
Fireweed is a tough, fast-growing wildflower in the genus Chamerion that brings bright pink blooms and lots of pollinator activity to sunny, open spaces.
Fleabanes (genus Erigeron) are easygoing wildflowers with daisy-like blooms that can brighten gardens, schoolyards, and balcony pots while offering steady nectar and pollen for many small pollinators.
Goldenrods are tough, sunny wildflowers in the genus Solidago that light up late-season gardens with golden blooms and provide reliable nectar and pollen when many other flowers are fading.
Kinnikinnick is a tough, low-growing evergreen groundcover in the genus Arctostaphylos (often called bearberry) that forms a tidy mat and offers small spring flowers followed by red berries.
Manzanitas are tough, beautiful western shrubs with urn-shaped flowers that can feed early-season pollinators and evergreen leaves that keep gardens looking good year-round.
Poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods (genus Populus) are fast-growing trees best known for their fluttering leaves and soft “cottony” seeds. They can support early-season pollinators with spring catkins, but they’re also big, thirsty, and often short-lived in small yards—so they’re best chosen with space and roots in mind.
Rushes are tough, grass-like wetland plants (genus Juncus) that thrive in damp soil and help create calm, sheltered habitat at the edges of ponds, rain gardens, and low spots.
Sedges (genus Carex) are grass-like plants that form tidy clumps and thrive in many garden conditions, especially where soil stays a bit damp. They add texture, cover bare ground, and can support small wildlife by providing shelter and nesting material.
Willowherbs (genus Epilobium) are easygoing wildflowers that pop up in sunny, open spots and offer simple, nectar-rich blooms that many small pollinators can use.
Willows are fast-growing trees and shrubs in the genus Salix that offer some of the earliest pollen and nectar of the year, making them a strong choice for pollinator-friendly yards, parks, and school grounds.
Yarrow is a tough, easygoing wildflower that brings long-lasting blooms and steady pollinator visits to gardens, schoolyards, and even containers.
Pollinators
Adults visit flowers for nectar and can move pollen between blooms; their presence is a sign of diverse, functioning habitats.
Bumble bees are important pollinators of many wildflowers and garden plants, helping ecosystems and food crops reproduce.
Many visit flowers for nectar and can move pollen between blooms while also playing important roles in local food webs.
Adults visit flowers for nectar and pollen, and many species’ larvae help keep plant-eating pests in check.
Adults can help move pollen as they nectar at flowers, and their caterpillars are an important part of local food webs.
They can move pollen between flowers while feeding on nectar, especially for blooms that open or scent up in the evening.
Many small moths move pollen while feeding on nectar, supporting wild plants and garden blooms—especially in the evening and at night.
Many adults visit flowers for nectar and can move pollen between blooms while feeding.
They visit a wide range of flowers for nectar and can help move pollen between blooms as they feed.
